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Preservatives as Allergens

Preservatives are an unfortunately common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Often, this is in association with exposure to cosmetics or medicaments. Recently, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) approach to the quantitation of safe exposure levels for sensitizers has been promulgated as a more effective tool for the identification of acceptable levels of potential sensitizers in consumer products [1].  Of the 92 chemicals with preservative function registered with the FDA, the most important are the parabens, imidazolidinyl urea, Quaternium 15, butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), Kathon CG, formaldehyde, DMDM hydantoin, bronopol, and diazolidinyl urea, listed in order of frequency use[2].

References

1. Basketter DA, Clapp CJ, Safford BJ, Jowsey IR, McNamee P, Ryan CA, Gerberick GF. Preservatives and skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment. Dermatitis. 2008 Jan-Feb;19(1):20-7.

2.  Fransway, A.F.:  The problem of preservation in the 1990s:  Statement of the problem, solutions of the industry, and the current use of formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing biocides.  Am. J. Cotanct Dermatits 1990;2:6-23.