Dictionary of Allergies .. Nickel

Nickel

Nickel is one of the most common causes of contact dermatitis, especially in women. It is a hard, strong, silvery white metal with several industrial applications. It is used in the formation of alloys with other metals, in electroplating to form a protective layer, and in the manufacture of enamel and glass. Both the metal and its water soluble salts (chloride, sulphate) are strong sensitizers. Heat and moisture and physical factors such as perspiration and friction facilitate sensitivity and can aggravate the dermatitis.

Professions at high risk are hairdressers, nickel platers, kitchen workers, seamstresses, tailors, dental technicians, nurses, cashiers and textile workers. Heavy vinyl gloves should be worn in industrial use of nickel.

Nickel exposure is the most common cause of contact allergy. Nickel is released from 1 and 2 EUR and 1 SEK coins at similar amounts. Nickel is deposited onto skin at substantial and similar amounts by coin handling. Acid wipe sampling is suitable for studies of skin exposure to nickel and in risk assessment.

Lidén C, Skare L, Vahter M. Release of nickel from coins and deposition onto skin from coin handling--comparing euro coins and SEK. Contact Dermatitis. 2008 Jul;59(1):31-7. Epub 2008 Jul 1.